Data source: Change in Source of Leader Support
The 'Change in Source of Leader Support' (CHISOLS) data is a collaborative effort by Brett Ashley Leeds (Rice University) and Michaela Mattes (University of California, Berkeley). The data collection was supported by National Science Foundation grant SES-0921781 'Collaborative Research: Interests, Institutions, and Foreign Policy Change.'
The goal of the CHISOLS data is to differentiate leader transitions in which a new leader comes to office who depends on different societal groups for support than their predecessor from leader transitions where both the current leader and their predecessor rely on essentially the same groups for support.
The data cover all countries with a population of more than 500,000 between 1919-2018. CHISOLS is available in two formats, one with the state-year as unit of analysis, and one with the leader as unit of analysis. The current release is version 5.0.
When using this dataset, please cite as:
(Mattes et al.,
2016)
Browse variables and select them for download.
chisols_autend
Coded 1 when a particular autocratic subregime ends either in a nondemocratic country-year (chisols_auttrans coded 1) or in the first democratic year following an autocratic subregime (chisols_regtran ...
chisols_auttrans
Coded 1 when there is a transition from one autocratic subregime to another (e.g. a change from military to personalist or military-single-party to military) in a non-democratic country-year, 0 if the ...
chisols_dem
Coded 1 if the country is democratic, 0 if it is non-democratic, and -88 for transition years (i.e. years that Polity codes as transition years and that the authors have not been able to categorize as ...
chisols_demtrans
Coded 1 when there is a transition from one democratic subregime to another (e.g. a change from parliamentary to presidential) in a democratic country-year, 0 when there is no transition among democ ...
chisols_hybrid
Coded 1 if a non-democratic country-year is characterized by an autocratic hybrid regime (military-personalist, military-single-party, personalist-single-party, or military-personalist-single-party), ...
chisols_indmil
Coded 1 if a non-democratic country-year is characterized by indirect military rule, 0 if it is not characterized by indirect military rule, and -9 for not applicable if the country-year is democratic ...
chisols_mil
Coded 1 if a non-democratic country-year is characterized by a military, military-single-party, military-personalist, or military-personalist-single-party system, 0 if it is not pure military or a mil ...
chisols_mixed
Coded 1 if a democratic country-year is characterized by a mixed presidential-parliamentary system, 0 if it is not mixed, and -9 for not applicable if the country-year is not democratic.
chisols_mon
Coded 1 if a non-democratic country-year is characterized by a monarchy, 0 if it is not monarchical, and -9 for not applicable if the country-year is democratic.
chisols_nonindep
Dummy variable that is coded 1 if the country was not independent at any point during the year according to the Correlates of War state system membership data and 0 otherwise.
chisols_olig
Coded 1 if a non-democratic country-year is characterized by oligarchy, 0 if it is not characterized by oligarchy, and -9 for not applicable if the country-year is democratic.
chisols_other
Coded 1 if the non-democratic country-year does not meet the criteria for any of the autocratic subregime type categories, 0 if it is another type of autocratic regime, and -9 for not applicable if th ...
chisols_parl
Coded 1 if a democratic country-year is characterized by a parliamentary system, 0 if it is not parliamentary, and -9 for not applicable if the country-year is not democratic.
chisols_per
Coded 1 if a non-democratic country-year is characterized as a personalist, military-personalist, single-party-personalist, or military-personalist-single-party system, 0 if it is not pure personalist ...
chisols_pres
Coded 1 if a democratic country-year is characterized by a presidential system, 0 if it is not presidential, and -9 for not applicable if the country-year is not democratic.
chisols_regtrans
Coded 1 when there is a regime transition from democracy to autocracy or a regime transition from autocracy to democracy and 0 otherwise. (See section 6.4 of the dataset manual for more details: http ...
chisols_solschange
This variable codes the number of support of leadership changes in the year of reference. This variable is equal to the count of SOLS changes during the country-year in which the new SOLS was in p ...
chisols_sp
Coded 1 if a non-democratic country-year is characterized by a single-party, military-single-party, single-party-personalist, or military-personalist-single-party system, 0 if it is not pure single-pa ...
chisols_totalldrtrans
This variable codes the number of leader transitions in the year of reference. The authors rely on existing data by Goemans, Gleditsch, and Chiozza (2009) to determine leaders and leadership changes. ...
chisols_warlord
Coded 1 if a nondemocratic country-year is characterized by warlordism, 0 if it is not characterized by warlordism, and -9 for not applicable if the country-year is democratic.